PECOBAAN

Pneumonia can be generally defined as inflammation of the lung parenchyma, in which consolidation of the affected part and a filling of the alveolar air spaces with exudate, inflammatory cells, and fibrin is characteristic.[1] Infection by bacteria or viruses is the most common cause, although inhalation of chemicals, trauma to the chest wall, or infection by other infectious agents such as rickettsiae, fungi, and yeasts may occur.[1] (See images below.)
Bacterial pneumonia is caused by a pathogenic infection of the lungs and may present as a primary disease process or as the final coup de grace in the individual who is already debilitated. For example, historical review of the 1918-19 influenza pandemic suggests that the majority of deaths were not a direct effect of the influenza virus, but they were from bacterial coinfection.[2]

Discussion of bacterial pneumonia involves classification and categorization schemes based on various characteristics of the illness, such as anatomic or radiologic distribution, the setting, or mechanism of acquisition, and the pathogen responsible. A major part of what distinguishes these various categories from each other is the varying risk of exposure to multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms